Different schools of Indology derive different definitions for the concept from ancient Indian texts their definition is some combination of (1) causality that may be ethical or non-ethical (2) ethicization, i.e., good or bad actions have consequences and (3) rebirth. In the context of theory, karma is complex and difficult to define. Karma also refers to a conceptual principle that originated in India, often descriptively called the principle of karma, and sometimes the karma-theory or the law of karma. Wendy O'Flaherty claims that, furthermore, there is an ongoing debate regarding whether karma is a theory, a model, a paradigm, a metaphor, or a metaphysical stance. It is a concept whose meaning, importance, and scope varies between the various traditions that originated in India, and various schools in each of these traditions. Thus, karma has not one, but multiple definitions and different meanings. Buddhism and Jainism have their own karma precepts. ĭifficulty in arriving at a definition of karma arises because of the diversity of views among the schools of Hinduism some, for example, consider karma and rebirth linked and simultaneously essential, some consider karma but not rebirth to be essential, and a few discuss and conclude karma and rebirth to be flawed fiction. A bad action creates bad karma, as does bad intent. A good action creates good karma, as does good intent. Wilhelm Halbfass (2000) explains karma ( karman) by contrasting it with the Sanskrit word kriya: whereas kriya is the activity along with the steps and effort in action, karma is (1) the executed action as a consequence of that activity, as well as (2) the intention of the actor behind an executed action or a planned action (described by some scholars as metaphysical residue left in the actor). The term karma ( Sanskrit: कर्म Pali: kamma) refers to both the executed 'deed, work, action, act' and the 'object, intent'. This concept has also been adopted in Western popular culture, in which the events that happen after a person's actions may be considered natural consequences of those actions. In these schools, karma in the present affects one's future in the current life, as well as the nature and quality of future lives-one's saṃsāra. The concept of karma is closely associated with the idea of rebirth in many schools of Indian religions (particularly in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism), as well as Taoism. As per some scripture, there is no link of rebirths with karma. In Indian religions, the term more specifically refers to a principle of cause and effect, often descriptively called the principle of karma, wherein intent and actions of an individual (cause) influence the future of that individual (effect): Good intent and good deeds contribute to good karma and happier rebirths, while bad intent and bad deeds contribute to bad karma and bad rebirths. Karma ( / ˈ k ɑːr m ə/, from Sanskrit: कर्म, IPA: ( listen) Pali: kamma) is a concept of action, work or deed, and its effect or consequences.
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